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Throughout
most of history, the purpose of creating sculpture has been to produce
works of art that are as permanent as is possible.
So to that end, works were usually produced in durable and frequently,
expensive materials, primarily bronze and stone such as marble,
limestone, porphyry, and granite. More rarely, precious materials
such as gold silver, jade, and ivory were used for chryselephantine
works.
Sculptors are constantly searching
for new ways to make art and for new materials to use. Andy Goldsworthy
is notable as a sculptor for his use of almost entirely natural
materials in natural settings and for creating sculptures much more
ephemeral than is typical.
Jim Gary used automobile parts, tools, machine parts, and hardware
in his sculptures as well as stained glass. Pablo Picasso used bicycle
parts for one of his most famous sculptures.
Alexander Calder and other modernists made spectacular use of painted
steel. Since the 1960s, acrylics and other plastics have been used
as well.
Despite durability being the usual objective, some sculpture is
deliberately short lived -- for example, ice and sand sculptures
or gas sculptures.
Biography
(from the Greek words bios meaning "life", and graphein
meaning "write") is a genre of literature and other
forms of media such as film, based on the written accounts
of individual lives. While a biography may focus on a subject
of fiction or non-fiction, the term is usually in reference
to non-fiction. Pat Shipman however, says "I think a
good biographer has to write fiction some of the time to make
apparent a significant event in someone's life." This
is sometimes debated. As opposed to a profile or curriculum
vitae, a biography develops a complex analysis of personality,
highlighting different aspects of it and including intimate
details of experiences. A biography is more than a list of
impersonal facts like birth, education, work, relationships
and death. It also delves into the emotions of experiencing
such events. |
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